Pakirajte programe i programe PyGObject kao ".deb" paket za Linux Desktop - 4. dio
Nastavljamo s vama programsku seriju PyGObject na radnoj površini Linuxa, u 4. dijelu serije objasnit ćemo vam kako spakirati programe i programe koje smo stvorili za Linux radna površina koja koristi PyGObject kao Debian paket.
Debian paketi ( .deb ) najčešće se koriste za instaliranje programa pod Linuxom, a sustav " dpkg " koji se bavi paketima .deb je zadana postavka na svim Linux distribucijama zasnovanim na Debianu, poput Ubuntu-a i Linux-a Mint. Zbog toga ćemo samo objasniti kako pakirati naše programe za Debian.
Stvorite Debian paket iz svojih PyGObject aplikacija
Prvo, trebali biste imati osnovno znanje o stvaranju Debian paketa, ovaj sljedeći vodič će vam puno pomoći.
- Uvod u Debian pakiranje
Ukratko, ako imate projekt pod nazivom " moj program ", on mora sadržavati sljedeće datoteke i mape kako biste ga mogli spakirati.
- debian (mapa): Ova mapa sadrži sve informacije o paketu Debian podijeljene u mnoge poddatoteke.
- po (mapa): mapa po sadrži datoteke za prijevod programa (objasnit ćemo to u 5. dijelu).
- myprogram (datoteka): ovo je datoteka Python koju smo stvorili pomoću PyGObject-a, glavna je datoteka projekta.
- ui.glade (datoteka): datoteka grafičkog korisničkog sučelja .. Ako ste sučelje aplikacije kreirali pomoću Gladea, ovu datoteku morate uključiti u
svoj projekt. - bMyprogram.desktop (datoteka): ovo je odgovorna datoteka za prikaz aplikacije u izborniku aplikacija.
- setup.py (datoteka): Ova je datoteka odgovorna za instaliranje bilo kojeg programa Python u lokalni sustav, vrlo je važna u bilo kojem programu Python, a ima i mnoge druge načine korištenja.
Naravno .. Postoje mnoge druge datoteke i mape koje možete uključiti u svoj projekt (zapravo možete uključiti sve što želite), ali one su osnovne.
Počnimo pakirati projekt. Izradite novu mapu pod nazivom " myprogram ", stvorite datoteku pod nazivom " myprogram " i dodajte joj sljedeći kôd.
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
## Replace your name and email.
# My Name <[email >
## Here you must add the license of the file, replace "MyProgram" with your program name.
# License:
# MyProgram is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# MyProgram is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with MyProgram. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
from gi.repository import Gtk
import os
class Handler:
def openterminal(self, button):
## When the user clicks on the first button, the terminal will be opened.
os.system("x-terminal-emulator ")
def closeprogram(self, button):
Gtk.main_quit()
# Nothing new here.. We just imported the 'ui.glade' file.
builder = Gtk.Builder()
builder.add_from_file("/usr/lib/myprogram/ui.glade")
builder.connect_signals(Handler())
window = builder.get_object("window1")
window.connect("delete-event", Gtk.main_quit)
window.show_all()
Gtk.main()
Stvorite datoteku ui.glade i ispunite je ovim kodom.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- Generated with glade 3.16.1 -->
<interface>
<requires lib="gtk+" version="3.10"/>
<object class="GtkWindow" id="window1">
<property name="can_focus">False</property>
<property name="title" translatable="yes">My Program</property>
<property name="window_position">center</property>
<property name="icon_name">applications-utilities</property>
<property name="gravity">center</property>
<child>
<object class="GtkBox" id="box1">
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">False</property>
<property name="margin_left">5</property>
<property name="margin_right">5</property>
<property name="margin_top">5</property>
<property name="margin_bottom">5</property>
<property name="orientation">vertical</property>
<property name="homogeneous">True</property>
<child>
<object class="GtkLabel" id="label1">
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">False</property>
<property name="label" translatable="yes">Welcome to this Test Program !</property>
</object>
<packing>
<property name="expand">False</property>
<property name="fill">True</property>
<property name="position">0</property>
</packing>
</child>
<child>
<object class="GtkButton" id="button2">
<property name="label" translatable="yes">Click on me to open the Terminal</property>
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">True</property>
<property name="receives_default">True</property>
<signal name="clicked" handler="openterminal" swapped="no"/>
</object>
<packing>
<property name="expand">False</property>
<property name="fill">True</property>
<property name="position">1</property>
</packing>
</child>
<child>
<object class="GtkButton" id="button3">
<property name="label">gtk-preferences</property>
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">True</property>
<property name="receives_default">True</property>
<property name="use_stock">True</property>
</object>
<packing>
<property name="expand">False</property>
<property name="fill">True</property>
<property name="position">2</property>
</packing>
</child>
<child>
<object class="GtkButton" id="button4">
<property name="label">gtk-about</property>
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">True</property>
<property name="receives_default">True</property>
<property name="use_stock">True</property>
</object>
<packing>
<property name="expand">False</property>
<property name="fill">True</property>
<property name="position">3</property>
</packing>
</child>
<child>
<object class="GtkButton" id="button1">
<property name="label">gtk-close</property>
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">True</property>
<property name="receives_default">True</property>
<property name="use_stock">True</property>
<signal name="clicked" handler="closeprogram" swapped="no"/>
</object>
<packing>
<property name="expand">False</property>
<property name="fill">True</property>
<property name="position">4</property>
</packing>
</child>
</object>
</child>
</object>
</interface>
Do sada nema ništa novo .. Upravo smo stvorili Python datoteku i datoteku sučelja. Sada stvorite datoteku " setup.py " u istoj mapi i dodajte joj sljedeći kôd, svaki redak objašnjen je u komentarima.
# Here we imported the 'setup' module which allows us to install Python scripts to the local system beside performing some other tasks, you can find the documentation here: https://docs.python.org/2/distutils/apiref.html
from distutils.core import setup
setup(name = "myprogram", # Name of the program.
version = "1.0", # Version of the program.
description = "An easy-to-use web interface to create & share pastes easily", # You don't need any help here.
author = "TecMint", # Nor here.
author_email = "[email ",# Nor here :D
url = "http://example.com", # If you have a website for you program.. put it here.
license='GPLv3', # The license of the program.
scripts=['myprogram'], # This is the name of the main Python script file, in our case it's "myprogram", it's the file that we added under the "myprogram" folder.
# Here you can choose where do you want to install your files on the local system, the "myprogram" file will be automatically installed in its correct place later, so you have only to choose where do you want to install the optional files that you shape with the Python script
data_files = [ ("lib/myprogram", ["ui.glade"]), # This is going to install the "ui.glade" file under the /usr/lib/myprogram path.
("share/applications", ["myprogram.desktop"]) ] ) # And this is going to install the .desktop file under the /usr/share/applications folder, all the folder are automatically installed under the /usr folder in your root partition, you don't need to add "/usr/ to the path.
Sada stvorite datoteku " myprogram.desktop " u istoj mapi i dodajte sljedeći kôd, što je objašnjeno u komentarima.
# This is the .desktop file, this file is the responsible file about showing your application in the applications menu in any desktop interface, it's important to add this file to your project, you can view more details about this file from here: https://developer.gnome.org/integration-guide/stable/desktop-files.html.en [Desktop Entry] # The default name of the program. Name=My Program # The name of the program in the Arabic language, this name will be used to display the application under the applications menu when the default language of the system is Arabic, use the languages codes to change the name for each language. Name[ar]=برنامجي # Description of the file. Comment=A simple test program developed by me. # Description of the file in Arabic. Comment[ar]=برنامج تجريبي بسيط تم تطويره بواسطتي. # The command that's going to be executed when the application is launched from the applications menu, you can enter the name of the Python script or the full path if you want like /usr/bin/myprogram Exec=myprogram # Do you want to run your program from the terminal? Terminal=false # Leave this like that. Type=Application # Enter the name of the icon you want to use for the application, you can enter a path for the icon as well like /usr/share/pixmaps/icon.png but make sure to include the icon.png file in your project folder first and in the setup.py file as well. Here we'll use the "system" icon for now. Icon=system # The category of the file, you can view the available categories from the freedesktop website. Categories=GNOME;GTK;Utility; StartupNotify=false
Sad smo skoro gotovi .. Moramo samo stvoriti neke male datoteke u mapi " debian " kako bismo pružili informacije o našem paketu za " dpkg " sustav.
Otvorite mapu " debian " i stvorite sljedeće datoteke.
control compat changelog rules
kontrola : Ova datoteka pruža osnovne informacije o Debian paketu, za više detalja posjetite polja Debian Package Control.
Source: myprogram Maintainer: My Name <[email > Section: utils Priority: optional Standards-Version: 3.9.2 Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 9), python2.7 Package: myprogram Architecture: all Depends: python-gi Description: My Program Here you can add a short description about your program.
compat : Ovo je samo važna datoteka za dpkg sustav, sadrži samo čarobni broj 9, ostavite tako.
9
dnevnik promjena : Ovdje ćete moći dodati promjene koje radite na svom programu, za više informacija posjetite Izvor dnevnika promjena paketa Debian.
myprogram (1.0) trusty; urgency=medium * Add the new features here. * Continue adding new changes here. * And here. -- My Name Here <[email > Sat, 27 Dec 2014 21:36:33 +0200
pravila : Ova je datoteka odgovorna za pokretanje instalacijskog postupka na lokalnom računalu za instaliranje paketa, možete vidjeti više informacija
o ovoj datoteci odavde: Zadana pravila za paket Debian.
Iako vam za vaš Python program neće trebati ništa više.
#!/usr/bin/make -f
# This file is responsible about running the installation process on the local machine to install the package, you can view more information about this file from here: https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/maint-guide/dreq.en.html#defaultrules Though you won't need anything more for your Python program.
%:
dh [email
override_dh_auto_install:
python setup.py install --root=debian/myprogram --install-layout=deb --install-scripts=/usr/bin/ # This is going to run the setup.py file to install the program as a Python script on the system, it's also going to install the "myprogram" script under /usr/bin/ using the --install-scripts option, DON'T FORGET TO REPLACE "myprogram" WITH YOUR PROGRAM NAME.
override_dh_auto_build:
Sad kad smo uspješno stvorili sve potrebne datoteke za naš program, krenimo sada u pakiranje. Prvo provjerite jeste li instalirali neke ovisnosti za postupak gradnje prije početka.
$ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install devscripts
Sada zamislite da se mapa “ myprogram ” nalazi u vašoj početnoj mapi (/home/user/myprogram ) kako biste je pakirali kao Debian paket, pokrenite sljedeće naredbe.
$ cd /home/user/myprogram $ debuild -us -uc
[email :~/Projects/myprogram$ debuild -us -uc dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot -D -us -uc dpkg-buildpackage: source package myprogram dpkg-buildpackage: source version 1.0 dpkg-buildpackage: source distribution trusty dpkg-buildpackage: source changed by My Name Here <[email > dpkg-source --before-build myprogram dpkg-buildpackage: host architecture i386 fakeroot debian/rules clean dh clean dh_testdir dh_auto_clean .... ..... Finished running lintian.
I to je to ! Vaš je paket Debian uspješno stvoren:
Pokrenite da biste ga instalirali na bilo koju distribuciju zasnovanu na Debianu.
$ sudo dpkg -i myprogram_1.0_all.deb
Ne zaboravite gornju datoteku zamijeniti nazivom paketa .. Nakon što instalirate paket, program možete pokrenuti s izbornika aplikacija.
I to će uspjeti ..
Ovdje završava 4. dio naše serije o PyGObjectu. U sljedećoj ćemo lekciji objasniti kako lako lokalizirati aplikaciju PyGObject, a do tada ostati u toku s njom ...