Instalirajte bazu podataka MariaDB u RHEL/CentOS/Fedora i Debian/Ubuntu
MariaDB je binarna zamjenska zamjena za MySQL, koju su razvili originalni autori MySQL Project-a i koja je u potpunosti kompatibilna s MySQL-om, imajući više značajki i poboljšane performanse. Dok nismo napisali ovaj post, MariaDB 10.0 Series je razvojna verzija (Alpha), a MariaDB 5.5 je trenutno stabilno (GA) izdanje.
Zašto bih trebao koristiti MariaDB?
Kao što svi znamo, MySQL je široko korišten i najpopularniji RDBMS i prvi izbor programera. Godine 2008. MySQL je kupio Sun Microsystem, koji je naknadno kupio Oracle i koji više nije otvoreni izvor.
Pa, MariaDB sponzorira Monty Program AB & MariaDB Foundation, a samostalno ga razvija glavni programer MySQL-a i drugi članovi zajednice te uistinu otvoreni izvor. Čovjek koji je stvorio MySQL bazu podataka od strane Michaela "Montyja" Wideniusa, Davida Axmarka i Allana Larssoa, osnivača MySQL-a i Monty Program AB, sada stoji iza MariaDB-a. Oni bi nadgledali razvoj zaklade MariaDB.
Tko koristi MariaDB?
Postoji nekoliko distribucija, a velike web stranice prešle su na MariaDB, neke od njih su:
- Mozilla Corporation
- Wikipedia
- OpenSuse
- Fedora
- OLX
- Nimbuzz
- SlashGear
- ArchLinux
- Redhat Enterprise Linux (iz RHEL7)
- Slackware
- Mageia
- Slackware
- TurboLinux
- Projekt čakre
- Gentoo
- GNU/Linux KDu
Instaliranje baze podataka MariaDB u RHEL/CentOS 6/5 i Fedora 18/17
Preporučujemo vam upotrebu prilagođenog spremišta MariaDB YUM (Package Manager) za instalaciju. Stvorite repo datoteku pod /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo, kopirajte i zalijepite sljedeće unose ispod nje.
Trenutno su MariaDB spremišta dostupna za RHEL 6, RHEL5, CentOS 6, CentOS 5 i Fedora 20,19,18,17. Molimo odaberite i dodajte ispravno spremište u vašu verziju OS-a.
# MariaDB 5.5 RedHat repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:29 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/rhel6-x86 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 RedHat repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:30 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/rhel6-amd64 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 RedHat repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:31 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/rhel5-x86 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 RedHat repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:31 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/rhel5-amd64 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 CentOS repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:21 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/centos6-x86 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 CentOS repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:22 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/centos6-amd64 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 CentOS repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:23 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/centos5-x86 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 CentOS repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:23 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/centos5-amd64 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 Fedora repository list - created 2014-03-19 06:34 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/fedora20-x86 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 Fedora repository list - created 2014-03-19 06:35 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/fedora20-amd64 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 Fedora repository list - created 2014-03-19 06:31 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/fedora19-x86 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 Fedora repository list - created 2014-03-19 06:34 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/fedora19-amd64 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 Fedora repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:32 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/fedora18-x86 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 Fedora repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:33 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/fedora18-amd64 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 Fedora repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:33 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/fedora17-x86 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 Fedora repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:33 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/fedora17-amd64 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
Nakon što datoteku MariaDB.repo postavite u /etc/yum.repos.d/. Instalirajmo slijedeći YUM naredbu.
# On RHEL/CentOS 6/5 and Fedora 19,18,17 # yum -y install MariaDB MariaDB-server # On Fedora 20 # yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server
Ako MariaDB GPG potpisni ključ nije instaliran, YUM će ga automatski instalirati nakon preuzimanja svih paketa.
Po završetku instalacije pokrenite MariaDB sljedećom naredbom.
# On RHEL/CentOS 6/5 and Fedora 19,18,17 # /etc/init.d/mysql start # On Fedora 20 # systemctl start mariadb.service systemctl enable mariadb.service
Utipkajte naredbu 'mysql' u terminal. Prema zadanim postavkama lozinka za root je prazna.
mysql Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 1 Server version: 5.5.32-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]>
Pokrenite sljedeću naredbu za prikaz zadanih baza podataka koje dolaze s instalacijom.
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Upišite quit iz naredbenog retka za izlaz iz ljuske.
MariaDB [(none)]> quit Bye
Nakon instalacije, pažljivo pročitajte i ispod svakog koraka koji će postaviti root lozinku , ukloniti anonimne korisnike , onemogućiti daljinsku prijavu za root i uklonite testnu bazu podataka i pristup kako biste osigurali MariaDB.
mysql_secure_installation /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation: line 379: find_mysql_client: command not found NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY! In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank, so you should just press enter here. Enter current password for root (enter for none): OK, successfully used password, moving on... Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation. Set root password? [Y/n] Y New password: Re-enter new password: Password updated successfully! Reloading privilege tables.. ... Success! Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y ... Success! Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y ... Success! By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y - Dropping test database... ... Success! - Removing privileges on test database... ... Success! Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y ... Success! Cleaning up... All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB installation should now be secure. Thanks for using MariaDB!
Kada se skripta za instalaciju dovrši, morate ponovno pokrenuti bazu podataka MariaDB da biste preuzeli nove promjene.
# On RHEL/CentOS 6/5 and Fedora 19,18,17 # /etc/init.d/mysql restart # On Fedora 20 # systemctl restart mariadb.service
Postavite MariaDB za pokretanje prilikom pokretanja
chkconfig mysql on
Pokušajmo se povezati s novopostavljenim korijenskim vjerodajnicama i trebali bismo vidjeti nešto slično.
mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 1 Server version: 5.5.32-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]>
Instaliranje baze podataka MariaDB u Debian 7/6 i Ubuntu 13.04/12/10/12.04
Preporučujemo upotrebu prilagođenog spremišta za instalaciju. Izvedite sljedeće naredbe da biste dodali MariaDB u svoj sustav. Imajte na umu da će ključ za potpisivanje ostati isti u Debianu i Ubuntuu dok ga uvozite.
[email :~$ sudo apt-get install python-software-properties [email :~$ sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 0xcbcb082a1bb943db
Kopirajte i zalijepite sljedeće unose u datoteku /etc/apt/sources.list na dnu.
# MariaDB 5.5 repository list - created 2013-08-11 15:03 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ deb http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/debian wheezy main deb-src http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/debian wheezy main
# MariaDB 5.5 repository list - created 2013-08-11 15:17 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ deb http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/debian squeeze main deb-src http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/debian squeeze main
# MariaDB 5.5 repository list - created 2014-03-19 06:47 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ deb http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu saucy main deb-src http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu saucy main
# MariaDB 5.5 repository list - created 2013-08-11 15:18 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ deb http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu raring main deb-src http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu raring main
# MariaDB 5.5 repository list - created 2013-08-11 15:24 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ deb http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu quantal main deb-src http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu quantal main
# MariaDB 5.5 repository list - created 2013-08-11 15:24 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ deb http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu precise main deb-src http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu precise main
Nakon što ispravno uvezete ključ i pravilno dodate spremište, možete instalirati MariaDB pomoću naredbe apt-get kao što je prikazano. Tijekom instalacije možete zatražiti postavljanje root lozinke za bazu podataka.
[email :~$ sudo apt-get update [email :~$ sudo apt-get install mariadb-server
Prijavite se MariaDB s root vjerodajnicom koja je postavljena ranije.
[email :~$ sudo mysql -u root -p [sudo] password for narad: Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 42 Server version: 10.0.3-MariaDB-1~raring-log mariadb.org binary distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | +--------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Napomena: Upišite quit iz naredbenog retka za izlaz iz baze podataka.
Referentni linkovi
- MariaDB protiv MySQL - Značajke
- MariaDB dokumentacija
- MariaDB početna stranica