8 Linux Nslookup naredbi za rješavanje problema DNS pretraživanja
nslookup je administrativni alat naredbenog retka za testiranje i rješavanje problema DNS poslužitelja (Domain Name Server). Također se koristi za upite o određenim zapisima resursa DNS (RR). Većina operativnih sustava dolazi s ugrađenom značajkom nslookup.
Ovaj članak detaljno prikazuje široko korištenu naredbu nslookup. Nslookup se može pokrenuti u dva načina: Interaktivan i Neinteraktivan.
Interaktivni način rada koristi se za postavljanje upita DNS-poslužitelju o različitim domenama i hostovima. Neinteraktivni način rada koristi se za upite o informacijama o domeni ili hostu.
Možda bi vas zanimao i sljedeći članak:
- 35 praktičnih primjera naredbe Find u Linuxu
- 20 Netstat naredbi za Linux upravljanje mrežom
- 20 Linux YUM (Yellowdog Updater, modificirano) naredbi za upravljanje paketima
- 27 'DNF' (Fork of Yum) naredbi za upravljanje RPM paketima u Linuxu
1. Pronađite "A" zapis (IP adresa) domene
# nslookup yahoo.com
Server: 4.2.2.2
Address: 4.2.2.2#53
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: yahoo.com
Address: 72.30.38.140
Name: yahoo.com
Address: 98.139.183.24
Name: yahoo.com
Address: 209.191.122.70
Iznad naredbe upitajte domenu www.yahoo.com s 4.2.2.2 javnim DNS poslužiteljem, a odjeljak ispod prikazuje Neautoritativni odgovor: prikazuje Zapis www.yahoo.com
2. Saznajte Reverse Domain Lookup
# nslookup 209.191.122.70
Server: 4.2.2.2
Address: 4.2.2.2#53
Non-authoritative answer:
70.122.191.209.in-addr.arpa name = ir1.fp.vip.mud.yahoo.com.
Authoritative answers can be found from:
3. Saznajte traženje određene domene.
# nslookup ir1.fp.vip.mud.yahoo.com.
Server: 4.2.2.2
Address: 4.2.2.2#53
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: ir1.fp.vip.mud.yahoo.com
Address: 209.191.122.70
4. Za upit MX (Razmjena pošte) zapis.
# nslookup -query=mx www.yahoo.com
Server: 4.2.2.2
Address: 4.2.2.2#53
Non-authoritative answer:
www.yahoo.com canonical name = fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com.
fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com.
ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com.
ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-any-fp3-real.wa1.b.yahoo.com.
Authoritative answers can be found from:
wa1.b.yahoo.com
origin = yf1.yahoo.com
mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com
serial = 1344827307
refresh = 30
retry = 30
expire = 86400
minimum = 1800
MX zapis se koristi za mapiranje naziva domene na popis poslužitelja za razmjenu pošte za tu domenu. Tako da govori da će svaka pošta primljena/poslana na @yahoo.com biti preusmjerena na poslužitelj pošte.
5. Za upit NS (Name Server) zapisa.
# nslookup -query=ns www.yahoo.com
Server: 4.2.2.2
Address: 4.2.2.2#53
Non-authoritative answer:
www.yahoo.com canonical name = fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com.
fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com.
ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com.
ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-any-fp3-real.wa1.b.yahoo.com.
Authoritative answers can be found from:
wa1.b.yahoo.com
origin = yf1.yahoo.com
mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com
serial = 1344827782
refresh = 30
retry = 30
expire = 86400
minimum = 1800
6. Za upit SOA (Start of Authority) zapisa.
# nslookup -type=soa www.yahoo.com
Server: 4.2.2.2
Address: 4.2.2.2#53
Non-authoritative answer:
www.yahoo.com canonical name = fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com.
fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com.
ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com.
ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-any-fp3-real.wa1.b.yahoo.com.
Authoritative answers can be found from:
wa1.b.yahoo.com
origin = yf1.yahoo.com
mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com
serial = 1344827965
refresh = 30
retry = 30
expire = 86400
minimum = 1800
7. Za ispitivanje svih dostupnih DNS zapisa.
# nslookup -query=any yahoo.com
Server: 4.2.2.2
Address: 4.2.2.2#53
Non-authoritative answer:
yahoo.com
origin = ns1.yahoo.com
mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com
serial = 2012081016
refresh = 3600
retry = 300
expire = 1814400
minimum = 600
Name: yahoo.com
Address: 98.139.183.24
Name: yahoo.com
Address: 209.191.122.70
Name: yahoo.com
Address: 72.30.38.140
yahoo.com mail exchanger = 1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com mail exchanger = 1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com mail exchanger = 1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com nameserver = ns3.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com nameserver = ns4.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com nameserver = ns2.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com nameserver = ns8.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com nameserver = ns1.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com nameserver = ns6.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com nameserver = ns5.yahoo.com.
Authoritative answers can be found from:
8. Omogućite način otklanjanja pogrešaka
Da biste omogućili Debug Mode 'set debug' će vam vratiti opširne informacije kao što je TTL, evo rezultata.
# nslookup -debug yahoo.com
> set debug
> yahoo.com
Server: 4.2.2.2
Address: 4.2.2.2#53
------------
QUESTIONS:
yahoo.com, type = A, class = IN
ANSWERS:
-> yahoo.com
internet address = 72.30.38.140
ttl = 1523
-> yahoo.com
internet address = 98.139.183.24
ttl = 1523
-> yahoo.com
internet address = 209.191.122.70
ttl = 1523
AUTHORITY RECORDS:
ADDITIONAL RECORDS:
------------
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: yahoo.com
Address: 72.30.38.140
Name: yahoo.com
Address: 98.139.183.24
Name: yahoo.com
Address: 209.191.122.70
U ovom smo članku pokušali pokriti naredbe nslookup koje vam mogu pomoći u pretrazi (DNS) informacija vezanih uz uslugu naziva domene.
Sljedeći članak bit će o Linux naredbi dig koja je slična nslookup. Ako vam se članak svidio, podijelite ga sa svojim prijateljima i ne zaboravite dati svoje vrijedne povratne informacije putem okvira za komentare.