Kako instalirati Docker i pokrenuti Docker kontejnere u Ubuntuu
Docker je popularna tehnologija otvorenog koda za virtualizaciju na razini operativnog sustava (poznata kao “kontejnerizacija”) koja prvenstveno radi na Linuxu i Windowsima. Docker olakšava stvaranje, implementaciju i pokretanje aplikacija pomoću spremnika.
Pomoću spremnika programeri (i administratori sustava) mogu zapakirati aplikaciju sa svime što je potrebno za pokretanje aplikacije – kod, vrijeme izvođenja, biblioteke, varijable okruženja i konfiguracijske datoteke te sve to poslati kao jedan paket. Da, tako je sjajno!
U ovom ćemo vam članku pokazati kako instalirati Docker CE (Community Edition), stvoriti i pokrenuti Docker spremnike na Ubuntu distribuciji.
Instaliranje Docker CE (Community Edition) u Ubuntu
1. Da biste instalirali Docker CE, prvo trebate ukloniti starije verzije Dockera koje su se zvale docker
, docker.io
ili docker-engine
iz sustava pomoću sljedeće naredbe.
sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc
2. Zatim trebate postaviti Docker repozitorij da instalirate i ažurirate Docker iz repozitorija pomoću sljedećih naredbi.
sudo apt-get update
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
3. Ažurirajte apt indeks paketa i instalirajte najnoviju verziju Docker CE koristeći sljedeće naredbe.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount pigz
The following NEW packages will be installed:
aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount containerd.io docker-ce docker-ce-cli pigz
0 upgraded, 6 newly installed, 0 to remove and 167 not upgraded.
Need to get 50.7 MB of archives.
After this operation, 243 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 pigz amd64 2.4-1 [57.4 kB]
Get:2 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 containerd.io amd64 1.2.4-1 [19.9 MB]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 aufs-tools amd64 1:4.9+20170918-1ubuntu1 [104 kB]
Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 cgroupfs-mount all 1.4 [6,320 B]
Get:5 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 docker-ce-cli amd64 5:18.09.3~3-0~ubuntu-bionic [13.1 MB]
Get:6 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 docker-ce amd64 5:18.09.3~3-0~ubuntu-bionic [17.4 MB]
Fetched 50.7 MB in 7s (7,779 kB/s)
...
4. Nakon uspješne instalacije Docker CE paketa, servis bi trebao biti automatski pokrenut i automatski omogućen za pokretanje pri pokretanju sustava, možete provjeriti njegov status pomoću sljedeće naredbe .
sudo systemctl status docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2019-03-06 08:06:42 UTC; 2min 18s ago
Docs: https://docs.docker.com
Main PID: 5274 (dockerd)
Tasks: 8
CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
└─5274 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.562587408Z" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support cgroup rt runtime"
Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.562767803Z" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support cgroup blkio weight"
Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.562966844Z" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support cgroup blkio weight_device"
Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.565298457Z" level=info msg="Loading containers: start."
Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.950942467Z" level=info msg="Default bridge (docker0) is assigned with an IP address 172.17.0.0/16. Daemon option --bip can be used to set a prefer
Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.036964493Z" level=info msg="Loading containers: done."
Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.156279378Z" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit=774a1f4 graphdriver(s)=overlay2 version=18.09.3
Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.157145045Z" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization"
Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.
Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.224229999Z" level=info msg="API listen on /var/run/docker.sock"
5. Konačno, provjerite je li Docker CE pravilno instaliran pokretanjem slike hello-world
.
sudo docker run hello-world
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
(amd64)
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://hub.docker.com/
For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
Naučite osnovne Docker naredbe u Ubuntuu
6. Da biste dobili informacije o Dockeru, pokrenite sljedeću naredbu.
sudo docker info
Kernel Version: 5.0.0-050000-generic
Operating System: Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 1
Total Memory: 1.452GiB
Name: tecmint
ID: FWSB:IRIF:DYL7:PRB5:Y66E:37MY:ISPO:HZVY:6YJO:2IYL:TO6Y:GNB7
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
Live Restore Enabled: false
Product License: Community Engine
7. Da biste dobili informacije o verziji Docker, pokrenite sljedeću naredbu.
sudo docker version
Client:
Version: 18.09.3
API version: 1.39
Go version: go1.10.8
Git commit: 774a1f4
Built: Thu Feb 28 06:53:11 2019
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
Server: Docker Engine - Community
Engine:
Version: 18.09.3
API version: 1.39 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.10.8
Git commit: 774a1f4
Built: Thu Feb 28 05:59:55 2019
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
8. Da biste dobili popis svih dostupnih Docker naredbi, pokrenite docker
na svom terminalu.
docker
Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND
A self-sufficient runtime for containers
Options:
--config string Location of client config files (default "/home/tecmint/.docker")
-D, --debug Enable debug mode
-H, --host list Daemon socket(s) to connect to
-l, --log-level string Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
--tlscacert string Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/home/tecmint/.docker/ca.pem")
--tlscert string Path to TLS certificate file (default "/home/tecmint/.docker/cert.pem")
--tlskey string Path to TLS key file (default "/home/tecmint/.docker/key.pem")
--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
-v, --version Print version information and quit
Management Commands:
builder Manage builds
config Manage Docker configs
container Manage containers
engine Manage the docker engine
image Manage images
network Manage networks
node Manage Swarm nodes
plugin Manage plugins
secret Manage Docker secrets
service Manage services
stack Manage Docker stacks
swarm Manage Swarm
system Manage Docker
trust Manage trust on Docker images
volume Manage volumes
....
Preuzmite Docker sliku u Ubuntuu
9. Da biste pokrenuli Docker spremnik, prvo trebate preuzeti sliku s Docker Huba – nudi besplatne slike iz svojih repozitorija.
Na primjer, da preuzmete Docker sliku pod nazivom CentOS 7
, izdajte sljedeću naredbu.
sudo docker search centos
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
centos The official build of CentOS. 5227 [OK]
ansible/centos7-ansible Ansible on Centos7 120 [OK]
jdeathe/centos-ssh CentOS-6 6.10 x86_64 / CentOS-7 7.5.1804 x86… 107 [OK]
consol/centos-xfce-vnc Centos container with "headless" VNC session… 81 [OK]
imagine10255/centos6-lnmp-php56 centos6-lnmp-php56 50 [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7 MySQL 5.7 SQL database server 47
tutum/centos Simple CentOS docker image with SSH access 43
gluster/gluster-centos Official GlusterFS Image [ CentOS-7 + Glust… 40 [OK]
openshift/base-centos7 A Centos7 derived base image for Source-To-I… 39
centos/postgresql-96-centos7 PostgreSQL is an advanced Object-Relational … 37
centos/python-35-centos7 Platform for building and running Python 3.5… 33
kinogmt/centos-ssh CentOS with SSH 26 [OK]
openshift/jenkins-2-centos7 A Centos7 based Jenkins v2.x image for use w… 20
centos/php-56-centos7 Platform for building and running PHP 5.6 ap… 19
pivotaldata/centos-gpdb-dev CentOS image for GPDB development. Tag names… 10
openshift/wildfly-101-centos7 A Centos7 based WildFly v10.1 image for use … 6
openshift/jenkins-1-centos7 DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based Jenkins v1.x ima… 4
darksheer/centos Base Centos Image -- Updated hourly 3 [OK]
pivotaldata/centos Base centos, freshened up a little with a Do… 2
pivotaldata/centos-mingw Using the mingw toolchain to cross-compile t… 2
pivotaldata/centos-gcc-toolchain CentOS with a toolchain, but unaffiliated wi… 1
openshift/wildfly-81-centos7 A Centos7 based WildFly v8.1 image for use w… 1
blacklabelops/centos CentOS Base Image! Built and Updates Daily! 1 [OK]
smartentry/centos centos with smartentry 0 [OK]
jameseckersall/sonarr-centos Sonarr on CentOS 7 0 [OK]
10. Nakon što odredite koju sliku želite pokrenuti na temelju vaših zahtjeva, preuzmite je lokalno pokretanjem donje naredbe (u ovom slučaju CentOS slika se preuzima i koristi ).
docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
a02a4930cb5d: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:184e5f35598e333bfa7de10d8fb1cebb5ee4df5bc0f970bf2b1e7c7345136426
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
11. Za popis svih dostupnih Docker slika na vašem hostu pokrenite sljedeću naredbu.
sudo docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 2 months ago 1.84kB
centos latest 1e1148e4cc2c 3 months ago 202MB
12. Ako više ne želite Docker sliku i možete je ukloniti pomoću sljedeće naredbe.
sudo docker rmi centos
Untagged: centos:latest
Untagged: centos@sha256:184e5f35598e333bfa7de10d8fb1cebb5ee4df5bc0f970bf2b1e7c7345136426
Deleted: sha256:1e1148e4cc2c148c6890a18e3b2d2dde41a6745ceb4e5fe94a923d811bf82ddb
Deleted: sha256:071d8bd765171080d01682844524be57ac9883e53079b6ac66707e192ea25956
Pokrenite Docker kontejner u Ubuntuu
13. Kako biste kreirali i pokrenuli Docker spremnik, prvo morate pokrenuti naredbu u preuzetu CentOS
sliku, tako da bi osnovna naredba bila provjeriti verziju distribucije datoteku unutar spremnika pomoću naredbe cat, kao što je prikazano.
docker run centos cat /etc/issue
14. Da biste ponovno pokrenuli spremnike, prvo trebate dobiti ID ili naziv spremnika pokretanjem sljedeće naredbe, koja će prikazati popis spremnika koji su pokrenuti i zaustavljeni:
sudo docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
0ddfa81c5779 centos "cat /etc/issue" About a minute ago Exited (0) About a minute ago elastic_shirley
15. Nakon što dobijete ID ili naziv spremnika, možete pokrenuti spremnik pomoću sljedeće naredbe:
sudo docker start 0ddfa81c5779
OR
sudo docker start elastic_shirley
Ovdje niz 0ddfa81c5779
predstavlja ID spremnika, a elastic_shirley
predstavlja naziv spremnika.
16. Za zaustavljanje spremnika koji radi pokrenite naredbu docker stop
navođenjem ID-a ili naziva spremnika.
sudo docker stop 0ddfa81c5779
OR
sudo docker stop elastic_shirley
17. Još bolji način, kako ne biste morali pamtiti ID spremnika, bio bi definirati jedinstveni naziv za svaki spremnik koji izradite pomoću --name
opcija kao što je prikazano.
docker run --name myname centos cat /etc/issue
18. Da biste se povezali i pokrenuli Linux naredbe u spremniku, izdajte sljedeću naredbu.
docker run -it centos bash
[root@6213ec547863 /]# uname -a
Linux 6213ec547863 5.0.0-050000-generic #201903032031 SMP Mon Mar 4 01:33:18 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@6213ec547863 /]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
19. Da biste zatvorili i vratili se na host iz aktivne sesije spremnika, morate upisati naredbu exit
kao što je prikazano.
exit
To je sve za osnovnu manipulaciju spremnikom. Ako imate bilo kakvih pitanja ili komentara o ovom članku, upotrijebite obrazac za povratne informacije u nastavku da biste nam se obratili.