Primjeri korisnih 'host' naredbi za traženje DNS upita


Naredba Host minimalan je CLI uslužni program jednostavan za korištenje za izvođenje DNS pretraživanja koja prevode nazive domena u IP adrese i obrnuto. Također se može koristiti za popis i provjeru različitih vrsta DNS zapisa kao što su NS i MX, testiranje i provjeru valjanosti DNS poslužitelja ISP-a i povezivanja s Internetom, neželjene pošte i zapisa na crnoj listi, otkrivanje i rješavanje problema s DNS poslužiteljem između ostalog.

U ovom ćemo članku naučiti kako koristiti naredbu host s nekoliko korisnih primjera u Linuxu za izvođenje DNS pretraživanja. U prethodnim člancima smo pokazali najčešće korištenih 8 Nslookup naredbi za testiranje i rješavanje problema s DNS poslužiteljima te za postavljanje upita o specifičnim DNS zapisima resursa (RR).

Također smo objasnili 10 naredbi Linux Dig (Domain Information Groper) za postavljanje upita o DNS informacijama, radi više poput alata Nslookup. Host uslužni program također radi na sličan način i dolazi unaprijed instaliran na većini, ako ne i svim glavnim distribucijama Linuxa.

Uz to, pogledajmo ovih 14 naredbi hosta u nastavku.

Pronađite IP adresu domene

Ovo je najjednostavnija naredba hosta koju možete pokrenuti, samo navedite naziv domene kao što je google.com da biste dobili pridružene IP adrese.

$ host google.com

google.com has address 216.58.201.46
google.com has address 216.58.201.46
google.com has address 216.58.201.46
google.com has IPv6 address 2a00:1450:4009:80b::200e
google.com mail is handled by 20 alt1.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 30 alt2.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 10 aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 40 alt3.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 50 alt4.aspmx.l.google.com.

Pronađite poslužitelje naziva domena

Da biste saznali poslužitelje naziva domene, koristite opciju -t.

$ host -t ns google.com

google.com name server ns1.google.com.
google.com name server ns2.google.com.
google.com name server ns3.google.com.
google.com name server ns4.google.com.

Pronađite CNAME zapis domene

Da biste saznali domenu CNAME, pokrenite.

$ host -t cname mail.google.com

mail.google.com is an alias for googlemail.l.google.com.

Pronađite MX zapis domene

Da biste saznali MX zapise za domenu.

$ host -n -t mx google.com

ogle.com mail is handled by 50 alt4.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 10 aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 40 alt3.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 30 alt2.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 20 alt1.aspmx.l.google.com.

Pronađite TXT zapis domene

Kako biste saznali TXT zapise za domenu.

$ host -t txt google.com

google.com descriptive text "v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com ~all"

Pronađite SOA zapis domene

Možete učiniti da host pokuša prikazati SOA zapise za određenu zonu, sa svih navedenih autoritativnih poslužitelja imena za tu zonu s oznakom -C.

$ host -C google.com

Nameserver 216.239.38.10:
	google.com has SOA record ns1.google.com. dns-admin.google.com. 156142728 900 900 1800 60
Nameserver 216.239.32.10:
	google.com has SOA record ns3.google.com. dns-admin.google.com. 156142728 900 900 1800 60
Nameserver 216.239.34.10:
	google.com has SOA record ns4.google.com. dns-admin.google.com. 156142728 900 900 1800 60
Nameserver 216.239.36.10:
	google.com has SOA record ns2.google.com. dns-admin.google.com. 156142728 900 900 1800 60

Upit za određeni poslužitelj naziva

Za postavljanje upita određenom poslužitelju imena domene.

$ host google.com ns4.google.com

Using domain server:
Name: ns4.google.com
Address: 216.239.38.10#53
Aliases: 

google.com has address 172.217.19.46
google.com has address 172.217.19.46
google.com has address 172.217.19.46
google.com has IPv6 address 2a00:1450:4005:808::200e
google.com mail is handled by 30 alt2.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 20 alt1.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 50 alt4.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 10 aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 40 alt3.aspmx.l.google.com.

Pronađite sve informacije o zapisima domene i zonama

Da biste napravili upit tipa ANY, upotrijebite opciju -a (all) koja je ekvivalentna postavljanju opcije -v.

$ host -a google.com

Trying "google.com"
;; ->>HEADER<

Dobijte TTL informacije o domeni

Da biste saznali TTL informacije o domeni.

$ host -v -t a google.com

Trying "google.com"
;; ->>HEADER<

Koristite ili IPv4 ili IPv6

Opcija -4 ili -6 prisiljava host da koristi samo IPv4 ili samo IPV6 prijenos upita.

host -4 google.com
OR
host -6 google.com

Izvođenje nerekurzivnih upita

Opcija -r izvodi nerekurzivne upite, imajte na umu da postavljanje ove opcije briše RD (željena rekurzija), bit u upitu koji postavlja host.

$ host -rR 5 google.com

google.com has address 216.58.201.46
google.com has address 216.58.201.46
google.com has address 216.58.201.46
google.com has IPv6 address 2a00:1450:4009:80b::200e
google.com mail is handled by 30 alt2.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 40 alt3.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 50 alt4.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 20 alt1.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 10 aspmx.l.google.com.

Postavite ponovne pokušaje UDP-a za pretraživanje

Prema zadanim postavkama, broj UDP pokušaja je 1, da biste ga promijenili, koristite oznaku -R.

$ host -R 5 google.com

google.com has address 216.58.201.46
google.com has address 216.58.201.46
google.com has address 216.58.201.46
google.com has IPv6 address 2a00:1450:4009:80b::200e
google.com mail is handled by 30 alt2.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 40 alt3.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 50 alt4.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 20 alt1.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 10 aspmx.l.google.com.

Postavite vrijeme upita čekanja odgovora

Upotrebom prekidača -W možete uputiti host da čeka odgovor određeno vrijeme u sekundama, a ako se koristi oznaka -w, host će čekati zauvijek za odgovor:

$ host -T -W 10 google.com

google.com has address 216.58.201.46
google.com has address 216.58.201.46
google.com has address 216.58.201.46
google.com has IPv6 address 2a00:1450:4009:80b::200e
google.com mail is handled by 10 aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 40 alt3.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 30 alt2.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 20 alt1.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 50 alt4.aspmx.l.google.com.

To je to! U ovom smo članku naučili kako koristiti naredbu host uz nekoliko korisnih primjera u Linuxu. Upotrijebite donji obrazac za povratne informacije kako biste s nama podijelili svoje mišljenje o ovom vodiču.